ecclesiastes 8:15 commentary

The dead would not have been taken to the temple, for that would have been ceremonially defiling. He had earlier said unto them, "No man takes My life from Me, I give My life" ( John 10:18 ). If, for example, people work in the kings palace, they will do what the king says, partly because they have sworn before God to be obedient and partly because they will be punished if they disobey. No man has any power over the spirit. Then I commended mirth These are some more of the cavils of the infidel objector: "Since virtue is frequently under oppression, and vice triumphs in health, and rolls in wealth, I see plainly that we should not trouble ourselves about future things; and therefore should be governed by the maxim EDE, BIBE, LUDE. For in the multitude of dreams and many words there are also divers vanities: but fear you God. the righteous often suffer, and the wicked prosper. The New American Commentary quotes an alternate translation of the verse: All this I have seen and have given attention to every deed done under the sun while man rules men to their hurt. This is the terrible human condition of today. The sentiment CHAPTER 8 Life under the sun. days than years, and is a laborious one; and all that he gets by When the Pharaoh of the Exodus saw there was respite, he hardened his heart. Many claim that the death penalty is an ineffective deterrent to capital crime today. The statement There is no release from that [or the] war could refer figuratively to the march into death that all face or simply be metaphoric for Theres no getting out of this. Then the final line, and wickedness will not deliver those who are given to it, would tie back to the turn to wrongdoing in verse 3. Solomon in Proverbs 10:7 Proverbs 10:7The memory of the just is blessed: but the name of the wicked shall rot.American King James Versionwrote, The memory of the righteous is blessed, but the name of the wicked will rot. Perhaps the frustration in Ecclesiastes 8:10 Ecclesiastes 8:10And so I saw the wicked buried, who had come and gone from the place of the holy, and they were forgotten in the city where they had so done: this is also vanity.American King James Versionis simply that the wicked were able to die and receive a proper burial after a long life without having to face up to what theyd doneall the while having been permitted in life to be regularly in Gods temple, a sacrilege and mockery of religion. All rights reserved. There is a vanity which is done upon the earth Either by wicked potentates, who do commonly advance unworthy men, and oppress persons of the greatest virtue and merit: or, by God's providence, who sees it fit for many weighty reasons so to manage the affairs of the present world. The beginning of verse 5 says that the person who keeps the kings command will experience nothing harmful. This does not mean nothing bad will ever happen to the person. neither shall he prolong his days, which are as a shadow; because he fears not before God. The message here is: Do your best to stay out of trouble! People are soon forgotten after they die. This he speaks, either, Verse 15. God will judge. and the seemingly unequal distribution of things in this world, It's emptiness. It's because they are misinterpreting the patience of God waiting for men to be saved, because God is not willing that any should perish. That is all the fruit he has for himself of the pains that he takes in the business of the world; let him therefore take it, and much good may it do him; and let him not deny himself that, out of a peevish discontent because the world does not go as he would have it. Yet this is with the realization that God loves us and wants the best for us. But he does not dwell on that. Ecclesiastes 8:11. Man in this world is the property of _labour._ 3. another world. I know that, whatever God does, it shall be for ever: nothing can be put to it, nor any thing taken from it: and God does it, that men should fear before him. A righteous man has prospered; an unrighteous man has prospered. American King James Version). [11] Now no chastening for the present seems to be joyous, but grievous: nevertheless afterward it yields the peaceable fruit of righteousness to them which are exercised thereby. drinking, and all manner of carnal deli Ecclesiastes 8:15 commended H7623 (H8765) enjoyment H8057 man H120 these men against divine Providence, and the inferences they dra Because sentence against an evil work is not executed speedily, It is Then I commended mirth can do is to enjoy life while he has it. 2. That improves our situation in life and keeps us from ways that would make things worse for ourselves. The Targum interprets it of the joy of the law; Of course, it is true that human government has been established by God as a check against total lawlessness, as the apostle Paul explains in Romans 13. 2. Prudence before kings (Ecclesiastes 8:1)_ The Tyndale commentary notes: To his hurt (Heb[rew]) is not to his own hurt (AV [Authorized or KJV]) but to the hurt of the one under the abuser of power (note on verse 9). This is the perspective that must be maintainedalong with understanding what the future will bring. Same kind of experiences to both. But it shall not be well with the wicked ( Ecclesiastes 8:13 ), In the end God's judgment will come. ( Romans 9:20 ) The sovereignty of the king, which also speaks to the sovereignty of God. People should not despair over these problems, but rather enjoy whatever God has given them in life (15). under the sun the best thing to do is just to eat and drink and be merry ( Ecclesiastes 8:15 ): Because man, that's all she wrote. Jesus made clear that we are to fear not mere human beings who can take only our immediate lives but to fear Him who is able to remove us from existence forever (Matthew 10:28 Matthew 10:28And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell.American King James Version; Luke 12:4-5 Luke 12:4-5 [4] And I say to you my friends, Be not afraid of them that kill the body, and after that have no more that they can do. Cool, courteous, self-possessed, they bear good news or bad, prosperous or adverse fortune, with a proud equanimity. 5:18; Ecclesiastes 9:7 To be merry This he speaks of sensual delights. Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Adam Clarke Bible Commentary, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Albert Barnes' Bible Commentary, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Annotated Bible by A.C. Gaebelein, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Arthur Peake's Commentary on the Bible, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Coke's Commentary on the Holy Bible, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - College Press Bible Study Textbook Series, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Dummelow's Commentary on the Bible, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - EasyEnglish Bible Commentaries, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Ellicott's Commentary On The Whole Bible, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - ETCBC data on Hebrew bible, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Expositor's Bible Commentary (Nicoll), Ecclesiastes 8:15 - G. Campbell Morgan's Exposition on the Whole Bible, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Geneva Study Bible Commentary, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - George Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Hawker's Poor man's commentary, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - John Darby's Synopsis, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - John Trapp Complete Commentary, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Kretzmann's Popular Commentary of the Bible, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Mark Dunagan Commentaries, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Matthew Henry Commentary on the Whole Bible, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Matthew Poole's Concise Commentary On The Bible, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Patchworkid's Personal Study Bible Notes, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Peter Pett's Commentary on the Bible, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Sermon Bible Commentary, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Summarized Bible Commentary, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Sutcliffe's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - The Biblical Illustrator, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - The ESV Global Study Bible's Study Notes, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - The Preacher's Complete Homiletical Commentary, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - The Pulpit Commentaries, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Through The Bible C2000 Serie by Chuck Smith, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Treasury of Scripture Knowledge, Ecclesiastes 8:15 - Wesley's Explanatory Notes. Wisdom strengthens the wise more than ten mighty men which are in the city. [28] Which yet my soul seeks, but I find not: one man among a thousand have I found; but a woman among all those have I not found. Perhaps some type of pledge of allegiance to the king or kingdom among the general populace was customary at that time. To live a God-fearing life is to live in constant awareness of the presence of God, who is even closer than a prayer away (pp. and cheerfully, with moderation and thankfulness, to enjoy what Wisdom can enable a person to avoid the kings wrath (Ecclesiastes 8:2-9), but it cannot enable him or her to understand fully why God deals with people as He does (Ecclesiastes 8:10-17). The future is so uncertain. California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information. Ecclesiastes 8:10 i _Then I commended mirth_ As before in chs. God's purpose must be sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry: for that shall abide Then I commended mirth, because a man hath no better thing under the sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry: for that shall abide with him of his labour the days of his life, which God giveth him under the sun. God puts up with so much. Ecclesiastes 8:15 in all English translations. man, for men to be easy under every providence, satisfied with of That is because people end up sitting on death row for decades. He's very long-suffering. 8 Who is as the wise man? Work even when one cannot understand the working of God. The Preaching the Word commentary notes: Usually the Preacher tells us what he saw, but this time he chooses a different verb and tells us something that he knows. This is not something that he has seen from a distance, but something he has grasped with the rational conviction of his own mind. Thus wisdom here leads to proper caution and can sometimes result in influencing rulers toward positive change. And it's probably true. Who makes this observation? Placing them at t _Then I commended mirth, because a man hath no better thing under the This comes straight from other Scripture, God stating that it would be well for those who feared and obeyed Him, with their days prolonged (Deuteronomy 5:29 Deuteronomy 5:29O that there were such an heart in them, that they would fear me, and keep all my commandments always, that it might be well with them, and with their children for ever!American King James Version; Deuteronomy 6:2 Deuteronomy 6:2That you might fear the LORD your God, to keep all his statutes and his commandments, which I command you, you, and your son, and your son's son, all the days of your life; and that your days may be prolonged.American King James Version, Deuteronomy 6:24 Deuteronomy 6:24And the LORD commanded us to do all these statutes, to fear the LORD our God, for our good always, that he might preserve us alive, as it is at this day.American King James Version). (8 studies) Ecclesiastes Study Guide Ecclesiastes Chart Scans (studies 1-8) Click to for the Mp3's corresponding to each study God's not willing that any should perish but that all should come into repentance. Though a man be ever so industrious, thou he labour to seek it out. the Book of Proverbs. pleasures; but it is the good and wholesome advice of the wise their present condition and circumstances, and be cheerful and Salem Media Group. Verse 12 seems to support the past perpetuation of the wicked as the frustration, as it mentions the sinners days being prolonged. The him from his labour. dispensations of Providence_._ _Howeve Who is as the wise man? Still, the language resembles the skeptical precept (1Co 15:32), introduced only to be refuted; and "abide" is too strong language, perhaps, for a religious man to apply to "eating" and "mirth.". Commentary, explanation and study verse by verse. You can't really come to the king and say, "Hey, what are you doing?" And so I saw the wicked buried, who had come and gone from the place of the holy, and they were forgotten in the city where they had so done: this is also vanity. Some think Solomon speaks of himself, that he was so eager in prosecuting this great enquiry that he could not sleep for thinking of it. No fault is to be found with God; but, as to the world, This is vanity upon the earth, and again, This is also vanity, that is, it is a certain evidence that the things of this world are not the best things nor were ever designed to make a portion and happiness for us, for, if they had, God would not have allotted so much of this world's wealth to his worst enemies and so much of its troubles to his best friends; there must therefore be another life after this the joys and griefs of which must be real and substantial, and able to make men truly happy or truly miserable, for this world does neither. SUN EXCEPT TO EAT AND TO DRINK AND TO BE MERRY, AND THIS WILL STAND BY Perhaps the locale of a funeral was intendedor, as some suggest, the holy city of Jerusalem. evil. Ecclesiastes 8:14-17 The wicked will not ultimately be prolonged, yet the righteous will. of the greatest virtue and merit: or, by God's providence, who s "SO. [22] For oftentimes also your own heart knows that you yourself likewise have cursed others. the WICKED appear to escape judgment and receive blessings. I commend joy, he says (Ecclesiastes 8:15 Ecclesiastes 8:15Then I commended mirth, because a man has no better thing under the sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry: for that shall abide with him of his labor the days of his life, which God gives him under the sun.American King James Version), and the word he uses for commend is a Hebrew word for praise (shabach). 21st Century King James Version. In the person of a sensual man. The Searcher is King Solomon, who records for us a faithful, objective and relevant report of what he found in this extensive search which took years of his life. He would not have us undertake to give a reason for that which God does, for his way is in the sea and his path in the great waters, past finding out, and therefore we must be contentedly and piously ignorant of the meaning of God's proceedings in the government of the world, Ecclesiastes 8:16; Ecclesiastes 8:17. We come now to the last part of the books third major section, which began in chapter 6, dealing with explaining and applying the plan of God in light of it seeming to be unfair. The Preacher is careful to set forth pleasure as a gift from God, to be earned by labor, and received with thankfulness to the Giver, and to be accounted for to Him. pleasant, and not distress themselves about things they cannot [18] It is good that you should take hold of this; yes, also from this withdraw not your hand: for he that fears God shall come forth of them all. 5: oritur sol et occidit et ad locum suum revertitur ibique renascens. But in the passage here we need to understand that God is the One who is not bringing His justice right away. [29] For our God is a consuming fire. which God giveth him under the sun; We should receive each days joys as Gods good gifts and rejoice in them. because a man hath no better thing under the sun than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry; of earthly things there is nothing better than for a man freely and cheerfully, with moderation and thankfulness, to enjoy what God has given him; this is what had been observed before, Ecclesiastes 2:24; and is not the language of an epicure, or a carnal man, who observing that no difference is made between the righteous and the wicked, that it is as well or better with the wicked than the righteous, determines to give up himself to sensual lusts and pleasures; but it is the good and wholesome advice of the wise man, for men to be easy under every providence, satisfied with their present condition and circumstances, and be cheerful and pleasant, and not distress themselves about things they cannot alter; for that shall abide with him of his labour the days of his life. And thus, it appears that the evil man is getting away with his evil actions, his evil deeds. There is no man that has power over his spirit to retain the spirit; neither hath he power in the day of death: and there is no discharge in that war; neither shall wickedness deliver those that are given to it ( Ecclesiastes 8:8 ). The wise man is able to interpret all this in a proper framework, gaining a vital sense of what God is working out despite not being able to grasp the reasons for all the challenging details. This certainly ties back to the previous two subsections, where we were told that wisdom is a defense that gives life and that it strengthens those who have it (Ecclesiastes 7:11-12 Ecclesiastes 7:11-12 [11] Wisdom is good with an inheritance: and by it there is profit to them that see the sun. The Hebrew word is applied not only to the pleasures arising from the physical senses, but also frequently to religious joy. better H2896 sun H8121 eat H398 (H8800) drink H8354 (H8800) merry sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry._ Add To Cart. forgotten, the wicked enjoy honour and long life; the best thing a man We must get ready for sudden evils, and especially for sudden death ( v. 6-8 ). (see NOTE TO PROVERBS below) It is the Its just a matter of timeand probably much less time than most imagine. Ecclesiastes 8:15 teaches us to be joyful in all circumstances. We must keep in due subjection to the government God has set over us (v. 2-5). with him of his labour the days of his life, which God giveth _There is a vanity which is done upon the earth_ Either by wicked The good are soon His rule must be righteous, though this is often not seen No man has any power over the spirit. 196-197). The writer returns to the sentiment expressed already (Ecclesiastes . There is no use in repining or rebelling; _true wisdom speaks in the person of the libertine, representing the objections of and is not the language of an epicure, or a carnal man, who Ecclesiastes 8:14-15 meaning Although life is mysterious, Solomon has discovered by submitting to the God of Mystery, rather than trying to make sense of the world through human experience, he can enjoy and appreciate the best life has to offer. with him of his labour the days of his life, which God givet KINGS'COURTS NEED WARY WALKING The second part of verse 3 says, Do not take your stand for an evil thing, for he [the king] does whatever pleases him. The phrase translated evil thing could mean bad thing in a more general sense. of his life, Of the fear of God, the need for which we have already seen in the book and will see again in its conclusion (Ecclesiastes 3:14 Ecclesiastes 3:14I know that, whatever God does, it shall be for ever: nothing can be put to it, nor any thing taken from it: and God does it, that men should fear before him.American King James Version; Ecclesiastes 5:7 Ecclesiastes 5:7For in the multitude of dreams and many words there are also divers vanities: but fear you God.American King James Version; Ecclesiastes 7:18 Ecclesiastes 7:18It is good that you should take hold of this; yes, also from this withdraw not your hand: for he that fears God shall come forth of them all.American King James Version; Ecclesiastes 12:13 Ecclesiastes 12:13Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter: Fear God, and keep his commandments: for this is the whole duty of man.American King James Version), the Tyndale commentary states: In the wisdom tradition the fear of God is the awe and holy caution that arises from realization of the greatness of God: Splendourterrible majestypowerjusticerighteousness. 2. But it is tragic when people misinterpret God's patience and God's kindness. drink, and to be merry; righteous men to whom it happens ac Then I commended mirth, because a man hath no better thing under the Copyright 2023, Bible Study Tools. And the same is true of God. Blue Letter Bible study tools make reading, searching and studying the Bible easy and rewarding. 15 Then I commended mirth, because a man hath no better thing under the sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry: for that shall abide with him of his labour the days of his life, which God giveth him under the sun. _ 1. ECCLESIASTES 8:14. Others see ruach here as meaning wind, and take the statement to mean that just as the wind is beyond our control, so is death. Still, we must not treat God flippantly or carelessly. That Jesus isn't coming again. It has a spirit of hopeless despair; it has no praise or peace; it seems to promote questionable conduct. Eat, drink, and be joyful, for tomorrow we die! By any of these interpretations, many see here a statement about not being able to withstand the inevitability of death generally. Some put Ecclesiastes 8:1 Ecclesiastes 8:1Who is as the wise man? Read the Scripture: Ecclesiastes 7:15-8:1 The book of Ecclesiastes is the most exhaustive investigation ever made as to the value and profit of various lifestyles. He maintains his patience, moreover, in spite of the moral burdens he carries that might otherwise cause him to act impetuously (v. 6b; for the trouble of humanity is heavy upon him [and he wants to do something about it]) (Garrett, note on verses 2-6). interpretation of a thing?_ In the Vulgate these two questions end the And one ruling another to that ones own hurt here is evidently a mistranslation. That's the sum of life for you, so you might as well live it up because you're going to be burning after a while. 2 I counsel thee to keep the king's commandment, and that because of thy oath to God. Verse 1 extols having wisdom. It may seem unfair because the evil are prospered and the righteous are persecuted. Men hardened in sin, because not presently punished; but they shall not escape, but it shall go ill with them, Ecclesiastes 8:11-13; as it doth also sometimes with the righteous, whilst the wicked prosper, Ecclesiastes 8:14. Ecclesiastes 8:13. wicked men sometimes do not live out half their days, which, according to the course of nature, and common term of life, they might be thought to live; or if they prolong their days in wickedness, as sometimes they do, ( Ecclesiastes 7:15 ) ; yet their days at longest are but a shadow which declines, and is quickly gone; or . The Book of Ecclesiastes is, up to a certain point, the converse of III. Recall that this comes on the heels of Solomon presenting humanity as corrupt in chapter 7. Solomon next mentions seeing the wicked buried (verse 10). seventh chapter, to which they evidently belong. H8055 (H8800) remain H3867 (H8799) labor H5999 days H3117 life H241 CHAPTER 8 ADVICE WITH REGARD TO SERVING THE KING. alter; for that shall abide with him of his labour the days element of thought mingles with the higher fear of God, to which th FOR THAT SHALL ABIDE WITH HIM OF HIS LABOUR _And this shall borrow But if they find the kings command unreasonable, wisdom will show them a way out. In view of these contradictions, Solomon again recommended the enjoyment of life, not in a pleasure-mad way but in the sense of enjoying the fruits of ones labor (cf. The end of verse 5 and verse 6 say that a wise mans heart discerns time and judgmentor what decision to make and when. 1. THE FOLLOWING COMMENTARY COVERS CHAPTER S 1 THROUGH 12. ". It seems that this lack of punishment encourages people to sin (11-12a). [12] For wisdom is a defense, and money is a defense: but the excellency of knowledge is, that wisdom gives life to them that have it. They've been talking about that for years. Yet His intervention and judgment will ultimately come. Recall that chapter 5 was the first instance of direct exhortations in the booktelling us to be careful in our approach in coming to worship God, the One in whose hands our lives are and who can help us through the present difficulties. They begin to scoff at it, even as Peter said they would. Now in chapter 8, Solomon tells us to exercise wisdom and righteousness to help reduce and manage problems in many cases, maintain proper perspective and find joy in life and ultimate reward from God. Beyond Today Bible Commentary: Ecclesiastes. 6 Sinners herein deceive themselves. For he knoweth not that which shall be: for who can tell him when it shall be? No man hath power over the spirit That is, over the soul of man; to retain the spirit To keep it in the body beyond the time which God hath allotted to it. reason to be thankful for what they had, and to lift up their COMMEND PLEASURE, FOR THERE IS NOTHING GOOD FOR. The only one who really did exercise that kind of power over his spirit was Jesus Christ. life was a low one. He had power over His Spirit to dismiss it. Life is empty. As Peter is talking about the second coming of the Lord, he said, "Hey, in the last days there are going to be scoffers that are going to come saying, 'Where is the promise of Jesus coming again? Honor all men. [29] See, this only have I found, that God has made man upright; but they have sought out many inventions. Solomon in verse 2 says to keep the kings command, not My commandhe being the king. It will help us through the quandary that still remains for this age. Ecclesiastes 3:12; Ecclesiastes 3:13; Ecclesiastes 3:22; Ecclesiastes CHARACTERS: God, Solomon. "I'm a prosperous cheat, so God is condoning my cheating. Abject in his fear before Moses, he was ready to promise anything; insolent in his pride, he swallows down his promises as soon as fear is eased, his repentance and his retractation of it combined to add new weights about his neck. Then I commended mirth, because a man has no better thing under the sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry: for that shall abide with him of his labor the days of his life, which God gives him under the sun. Honor the king.American King James Version). There is no specific reference to the government being righteous here, and the verses appear to end with the problem of human rule doing harm (verse 9), which we will return to. Keeping this in mind results in a deep and abiding reverence for Godloving and trusting Him while recognizing His supreme power and holiness (see Hebrews 12:28-29 Hebrews 12:28-29 [28] Why we receiving a kingdom which cannot be moved, let us have grace, whereby we may serve God acceptably with reverence and godly fear: in whatsoever state condition men are; serenity and tranquillity of Solomon commended joy, and holy security of mind, arising from confidence in God, because a man has no better thing under the sun, though a good man has much better things above the sun, than soberly and thankfully to use the things of this life according to his rank. Under the sun, man, life is just very shallow and you live life in a very shallow level, and. Though a sinner do evil an hundred times, and his days be prolonged, yet surely I know that it shall be well with them that fear God, which fear before him: And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell. Fear of the Lord is to depart from evil. Drawing upon a variety of resourcesincluding commentaries, sermons, treatises, and confessionsmuch of which appears here for the first time in English, this volume provides resources for contemporary preachers, enables scholars to better understand the depth and breadth of Reformation commentary, and seeks to help readers find comfort in . He would have us to take occasion hence, not to charge God with iniquity, but to charge the world with vanity. Fear God. Then, besides the perspective we need to have and the righteous life we are to persist in, we are again given the prescription of the books refrain in the third major sections conclusionthe enjoyment of life that God blesses us with: to eat, drink, and be merry (Ecclesiastes 8:15 Ecclesiastes 8:15Then I commended mirth, because a man has no better thing under the sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry: for that shall abide with him of his labor the days of his life, which God gives him under the sun.American King James Version). Most people, including many Christians, go through life hardly realizing that they are constantly in the presence of God. We don't have that power. [23] All this have I proved by wisdom: I said, I will be wise; but it was far from me. And let us truly rejoice. [9] Furthermore we have had fathers of our flesh which corrected us, and we gave them reverence: shall we not much rather be in subjection to the Father of spirits, and live? He hasn't come and He's not going to come. Solomon's pencil. . Yes, there is vanity under the sun. equally puzzling that the RIGHTEOUS sometimes receive the treatmen CRITICAL NOTES. Do not be hasty to go from his presence. Dr. Walter Kaiser, whose overall outline weve been following, describes the chapter 8 subsection as follows: The removal of a large proportion of the apparent inequalities in divine providence comes from righteous government. This summary, however, does not appear to be quite accurate.

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